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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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oct_dec
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1105540.000
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<text>
<title>
(Nov. 05, 1990) Died:William S. Paley
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 05, 1990 Reagan Memoirs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
MILESTONES, Page 99
TV's Long-Running Tastemaker
William S. Paley: 1901-1990
</hdr>
<body>
<p> By the time he reached retirement age in 1966, CBS founder
William S. Paley had changed America. As broadcasting's pioneer
programmer, he had made household names of Lucille Ball and
Jackie Gleason. As an empire builder, he had created a
conglomerate with interests ranging from magazines to music.
But at 65, the CBS chairman was just beginning two more decades
at the top. He tirelessly presided over his beloved company,
defending it against rival networks, corporate raiders and
successors he deemed unworthy. He did retire in 1983, only to
be restored as chairman after investor Laurence Tisch took
control of the company three years later. Though Paley's power
was greatly diminished, not until he died last week at 89 was
his influence over CBS finally ended.
</p>
<p> Paley was broadcasting's premier tastemaker, the impresario
who turned the American living room into the most important
venue in show business. "When it came to finding new talent,"
he wrote in his autobiography, As It Happened, "I seemed to
have a good ear." While strolling the deck of a steamship in
1931, the young radio executive overheard a recording of an
obscure singer whose baritone captivated him. After peering at
the label on the record, he cabled his subordinates: SIGN UP
SINGER NAMED BING CROSBY.
</p>
<p> Paley was a high-living bon vivant who, along with his
glamorous second wife Babe, traveled in glittery social circles
and carefully cultivated his own legend. A forthcoming
biography by Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: The Life of
William S. Paley, debunks some of that legend, pointing out
that Paley frequently exaggerated his role in the early
development of radio and that he was initially skeptical of the
new medium of television.
</p>
<p> The son of immigrants from Russia who made a fortune in the
cigar business, Paley entered the family firm in Philadelphia
and one day decided to sponsor a variety show, La Palina Hour,
on a local radio station. The program's popularity hooked him.
His family helped Paley raise $500,000 in 1928 to buy control
of 16 radio stations, which he renamed the Columbia
Broadcasting System.
</p>
<p> Paley was a consummate salesman, with a smile as bright as
studio lights. While other budding network entrepreneurs
charged their affiliates for programming, Paley cleverly
offered it free to local stations as long as they gave him
choice time slots for his nationally sponsored shows. A
lifelong newshound, Paley built broadcasting's most prestigious
news organization. He hired Edward R. Murrow and a legendary
group of reporters to cover the brewing war in Europe and later
oversaw the creation of See It Now (1951) and 60 Minutes
(1968).
</p>
<p> Paley fostered entertainment that balanced intelligence with
popularity. Among his successes were Playhouse 90, All in the
Family, The Mary Tyler Moore Show and M*A*S*H. While Paley's
personal affinities ran to post-Impressionist paintings and
French cuisine, as a businessman he tolerated such fare as The
Beverly Hillbillies and Dallas.
</p>
<p> Under Paley, CBS expanded into business, ranging from
musical instruments (Fender guitars) to textbooks (Holt,
Rinehart & Winston). But during the late 1970s, the overgrown
CBS began to stumble. Like the other networks, it fell prey to
competition from cable, videocassette recorders and independent
TV stations. Paley's long search for a successor also burdened
the company. After Thomas Wyman, his fifth heir apparent, was
ousted in 1986, new owner Tisch began heavily pruning the
conglomerate that Paley had built, shedding CBS's magazine and
record subsidiaries.
</p>
<p> Despite declining health, Paley struggled to keep a hand in
his troubled empire. When Diane Sawyer, one of the network's
top correspondents, was being lured by rival ABC in early 1989,
Paley met her for a last-ditch lunch to try to persuade her to
stay. (He failed.) As an octogenarian, Paley proved as stubborn
in letting go of his vigor as of CBS. Said he: "I could match
up with most young people, and I do. It helps keep me young.
I don't sit back and say, `O.K., you can rest now, Paley.'" But
now he can.
</p>
<p>By Stephen Koepp.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>